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Extreme climatic events (ECEs) are increasing in frequency, intensity, and/or duration due to climate change. These large deviations from average environmental conditions have strong impacts on ecosystems, exposing organisms to more severe conditions for longer periods of time than previously seen before. Many ECEs are well described by the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution. The GEV has a long history as an accurate model across disciplines, including hydrology, finance, civil engineering, and climate science. Although the GEV is often used by climate scientists to characterize ECEs, such as hurricanes and floods, it is rarely included in ecological models. Furthermore, climate scientists typically model ECEs on large spatial scales (≫105 km2) whereas ecologically relevant spatial scales are often much smaller (e.g. |
