| Popis: |
To use the dynamics of GPS satellites to complement geometrical Earth rotation and orientation parameters from VLBI has always been a challenge. Geometric VLBI differs from other space geodesy techniques, such as GNSS, SLR and DORIS, in that it does not rely on satellite dynamics to estimate terrestrial reference frame parameters. Here we present a geometrical approach that combines dynamic and geometric variations in the Earth’s rotation with temporal gravity field variations. We demonstrate that this novel approach provides a new insight into the Earth’s interior, especially into processes and dynamics associated with the Earth’s fluid outer core and the great earthquakes over the last 10 and 100 years. Firstly, we demonstrate that by combining two LAGEOS satellites in low MEO orbit we can remove errors in secular orbit perturbations stemming from low zonal harmonics (J2) and give new insights into the Earth’s rotation and nutation rates. Nutation rates were first estimated from GPS data including orbit determination of GPS satellites (Rothacher et al. 1999). Here we extend the theoretical model of nutation rates and show how, with the nodal separation close to 180° of the two LAGEOS satellites, common orbital errors in terms of nodal and apsidal orbit precession are eliminated. This approach based on celestial mechanics opens up the possibility of using satellite dynamics to determine rates of nutation and variations in length-of-day (LOD) very accurately and correlate them against the variations in the temporal gravity field (errors in J2 are eliminated). This then leads us to the unexplained rate of variations in dynamical LOD estimated from GPS/LAGEOS (orbits driven by Earth’s gravity) and from geometrical LOD from VLBI (external measure of Earth’s orientation). We show how the rotation of spherical harmonics can explain this unresolved effect since rotation of the tri-axial Earth ellipsoid is the real physical phenomenon measured by gravity field missions as well as by SLR to LAGEOS satellites. We show how the geometrical rotation of spherical harmonics is equivalent to temporal gravity field variations and in the case of second degree harmonics is directly proportional to the rate of variations in LOD. This was presented for the first time in Svehla (2008). The conventional IERS mean pole model is in very good agreement with the terrestrial pole of the GRACE monthly gravity field models (derived from \( \bar{C}_{21} \) and \( \bar{S}_{21} \) gravity field coefficients). We show that temporal variations in the orientation of the tri-axial Earth ellipsoid (sectorials) are taking place along the equatorial plane, i.e., sharing the same axis of rotation within |
