Indications for Neurotoxin: Upper Face

Autor: Beth Haney
Rok vydání: 2019
Předmět:
Zdroj: Aesthetic Procedures: Nurse Practitioner's Guide to Cosmetic Dermatology ISBN: 9783030199470
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-19948-7_12
Popis: Botulinum neurotoxins type A (BoNT/A) smooth out wrinkles by relaxing the underlying muscles, thereby creating a more refreshed, alert appearance. Although the effects are temporary, lasting approximately 3–4 months, consistent use can lead to longer term benefits such as prevention of additional lines and increased muscle memory. Patients with active facial muscles that lead to dynamic lines are ideal candidates for BoNT/A treatment and the forehead, glabella, and orbital areas are on-label uses. However, some of the off-label applications of BoNT/A include the infra-orbital muscles to treat fine wrinkles and the nasalis muscle to treat bunny lines.
Databáze: OpenAIRE