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Molecular markers are defined as any stable and inherited variation, which is quantifiable or detectable by a suitable method and can be subsequently used to detect the presence of a specific genotype or phenotype. Molecular markers are a potential aid to animal breeding, which helps in identifying the genetic makeup of an animal and thereby predicting its performance. The methods used to define molecular markers include Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs), Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP), Microsatellites, Minisatellites, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and many more. The most widely used application of marker systems in breeding is Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS). Utilization of marker-based information for genetic improvement of animals depends on the choice of an appropriate marker. In the future, molecular markers may serve as a potential tool for the evaluation and manipulation of existing germplasm in order to select and create desired traits in animals which, in turn, results in genetic improvement of animals. |
