Study of the Neutralization and Stabilization of a Mixed Hardwood Bio-Oil
| Autor: | Stuart K. Black, Michele D. Myers, Luc Moens, Stefan Czernik |
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| Rok vydání: | 2009 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Energy & Fuels. 23:2695-2699 |
| ISSN: | 1520-5029 0887-0624 |
| Popis: | Fast-pyrolysis bio-oil that is currently produced from lignocellulosic biomass in demonstration and semicommercial plants requires significant modification to become an acceptable transportation fuel. The high acidity and chemical instability of bio-oils render them incompatible with existing petroleum refinery processes that produce gasoline and diesel fuels. To facilitate the use of bio-oil as a feedstock in a traditional refinery infrastructure, there is considerable interest in upgrading bio-oils through chemical pathways that include converting the carboxylic acids and reactive carbonyl compounds into esters and acetals using low-cost alcohols. In this article, we discuss our observations with different approaches to esterification and etherification chemistry using a crude bio-oil derived from mixed hardwoods. The high water content in crude bio-oils (ca. 20−30%) creates equilibrium limitations in the condensation reactions that hamper the upgrading process in that the neutralization and stabilizati... |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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