Flexible and Printed PPG Sensors for Estimation of Drowsiness
| Autor: | Jiwoo You, Eung-Bin Lee, Gi-Seong Ryu, Cheolsoo Park, Youngjoo Kim, Vladislav Kostianovskii, Yong-Young Noh |
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| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
010302 applied physics
Materials science business.industry Heterojunction 02 engineering and technology 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology 01 natural sciences Electronic Optical and Magnetic Materials Photodiode law.invention Anode Photosensitivity law 0103 physical sciences OLED Optoelectronics Absorption (logic) Electrical and Electronic Engineering 0210 nano-technology business Dark current Diode |
| Zdroj: | IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. 65:2997-3004 |
| ISSN: | 1557-9646 0018-9383 |
| DOI: | 10.1109/ted.2018.2833477 |
| Popis: | We report printed flexible optoelectronic sensors composed of red organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic photodiodes (OPDs) for detection of various biological signals in a photoplethysmograph (PPG) device. Fabricated flexible OLEDs achieved maximum luminance >1000 cd/m2 at 9 V, with peak at 640 nm. Maximum flexible OPD photosensitivity for the poly(3-hexylthiophene-2, 5-diyl) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) heterojunction is $ {2} \times {10}^{{2}}$ at 0 V and 1.76 at −1 V, irradiated with 1.2 mW/cm2 at 660 nm. The diketopyrrolopyrrole thieno [3,2-b]thiophene blended with PCBM OPDs with poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate anode showed photosensitivity = 84 at −1 V bias to almost ${6} \times {10}^{{4}}$ at 0 V accompanied by low dark current ( ${9.5} \times {10}^{-{8}}$ A/cm2 at −1 V). PPG signals were successfully detected using the developed flexible PPG sensor and the conventional driving circuit. Human studies were conducted to evaluate the flexible PPG sensor performance in practical applications. Subject drowsiness was estimated from heart rate variability, extracted from the PPG signals, using machine learning algorithms. The flexible PPG sensor achieved 79.2% accuracy and 72.1% area under the receiver (AUC) to predict drowsiness (60-s window), which are meaningful results compared with conventional PPG sensors (83.3% accuracy and 69% AUC). Drowsiness estimation experiments using two PPG signals showed that the flexible PPG sensor achieved similar or better performance compared to conventional PPG sensors. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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