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Nanotechnology is the most promising branch of science and technology in the current century. This field has gained reputation due to the invention of techniques used in both to synthesize and characterize materials and devices at the nanoscale level. It offers to expand the achievable limits of applications in various fields, including medical, agriculture, electronics, chemistry, and engineering. Nanoparticles is defined as materials having a size between 1 and 100 nm in one or more dimensions. As compared to larger sized particles, nanoparticles show some novel properties. Nanoparticles synthesized by the chemical method are not entirely safe, in case of a biomedical application or environment-friendly. Using living organisms, primarily microorganisms for nanoparticle synthesis have proven to be an easy, secure, environment-friendly, and economical method. Cyanobacteria are one of the largest groups of photosynthetic prokaryotes organisms. Cyanobacteria show great promise as biocatalysts for the synthesis of many value-added products such as nanoparticles. The objective of this chapter is to give an outline on the biosynthesis of nanoparticles by cyanobacteria, its characterization, and current and potential future application of nanoparticles in various fields specifically within the field of biomedical. This chapter also emphasizes on the harmful adverse effects of nanoparticles on human health and the environment. |
