Bodenmüdigkeit in Apfelanlagen
| Autor: | Vlastimi Vančura, Zdeněk Přikryl, Vlasta Čatská, Galina Hudská |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 1983 |
| Předmět: |
Penicillium griseofulvum
Rhizosphere education.field_of_study biology fungi Population food and beverages Penicillium claviforme General Medicine biology.organism_classification complex mixtures Patulin Horticulture chemistry.chemical_compound chemistry Seedling Botany Penicillium bacteria Penicillium expansum General Agricultural and Biological Sciences education |
| Zdroj: | Zentralblatt für Mikrobiologie. 138:531-539 |
| ISSN: | 0232-4393 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/s0232-4393(83)80014-6 |
| Popis: | Summary Composition of microbial population in the rhizosphere of apple trees changed with the increasing age of the trees. The total number of bacteria, including fluorescent pseudomonads, decreased and that of micromycetes increased, fungi of the Mucor genus disappeared, while Altemaria and Penicillium spp. proliferated. Alternatia tenuis, Penicillium expansum, Penicillium griseofulvum, and Penicillium claviforme predominated in the rhizosphere of 70-year-old apple trees. These genera produced in vitro the phytotoxins griseofulvin, methyl-salicyl acid, and patulin. It was possible to induce “soil sickness” by inoculating the roots of apple seedlings with Penicillium claviforme (the microbial pattern of the rhizosphere changed thereafter). Fluorescent pseudomonads occurred rarely in the rhizosphere of the 70-year-old apple trees, however, after planting apple seedlings in the “sick” soil, the proliferetion of these pseudomonads was stimulated. Inoculation of apple seedlings with Pseudomonas putida increased the occurrence of fluorescent pseudomonads in the rhizosphere and inhibited the growth of seedlings. The growth of apple seedlings in the “sick” soil was stimulated by the inoculation of their roots with another Pseudomonas sp., which exhibited in vitro mycolytical properties and in pot experiments decreased the amount of phytotoxic micromycetes in the rhizosphere. The repeated urea treatment of seedling leaves and of the soil did not affect the growth of seedlings in the “sick” soil, while in normal control soil a significant positive effect was observed. The growth and yield of wheat, that was grown in the “apple-sick soil” in the following year, was not affected; wheat grown in “sick” soil responded positively to urea treatment of leaves and soil. It is assumed that in the rhizosphere of apple trees Penicillium spp. and other phytotoxic microorganisms produce continously a certain amount of phytotoxins which affect the growth of trees and probably also the fruit yields. The introduction of suitable antagonistic microorganisms into the rhizosphere could decrease the number of phytotoxic micromycetes and improve the growth of apple seedlings. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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