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Publisher Summary This chapter provides guidelines and examples of hardware designs used to prevent release of hazardous materials to aid design engineers in meeting safety requirements. It describes the containment of materials within a metallic box with seals at all feed through locations. The guidelines include structural verification by test and analysis. The use of hazardous materials is a necessary part of human research activities in space. Space systems and experiments often consist of materials that pose a safety risk to humans due to toxicity, biohazards, or shatterable materials. The most common types of hazardous materials in human space flight experiments are toxic fluids, usually fixatives, for biological research. The safe use of hazardous materials dictates a verifiable design to contain these materials and their isolation from the environment within which humans can become exposed. Scientific objectives and operations shape the containment system design and have a large effect on the possible verifications that can be performed. The safety authority requires containment of hazardous materials. This normally is dependent on a specific evaluation of each type of material. The hazard rating of a material determines the robustness of design verifications. Safety requirements purposely are open ended to allow flexibility of hardware design, while still requiring the necessary controls and verifications to ensure safety. The design engineer must rely on clarifications from the safety authority for a specific design during safety reviews. This makes the design and verification planning difficult. |
