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Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the rates of fluid flow from a range of scenarios to assist in the risk analysis for CO2 storage. The empirical data may provide guidance in estimating potential leakage rates without requiring detailed assumptions on the geometry and dimension of the flow path. Achievability of such containment can be assessed in risk and uncertainty analyses that consider the occurrence of unlikely events inducing leakage. Envisaged leakage mechanisms are flow driven by buoyancy and overpressure through permeable zones in the top seal of storage reservoirs, along permeable faults and damaged well bores. Seepage rates from natural CO2 accumulations with non-optimum seals, flow rates from natural gas storage, and fluid discharge rates related to earthquakes indicates potential leakage rates for risk and uncertainty analysis. Careful site selection that reduces leakage risk together with the planning for early leak detection and remediation can, in a risk and uncertainly analysis, lead to a high likelihood of project success. |
