| Popis: |
A model is proposed to account for aggressive behavior. The basic premise of this model states that there are, in the brains of animals and humans, specific neural systems for the various types of aggression. When these neural systems fire in the presence of a relevant target, aggressive behavior ensues. It has now been shown repeatedly that a cat with implanted electrodes will show a specific aggressive behavior, depending on what portion of the brain is stimulated. Humans who have electrodes implanted in their brains, for therapeutic reasons, have shown incipient rage when properly stimulated. The reaction occurs in spite of the fact that they are unaware of the stimulation. A variety of dysfunctions in the brain of humans increase irritability level and the expression of hostility. Some brain tumors, particularly in the temporal lobe, may be associated with increasing levels of aggression, from verbal aggression to homicidal rage. If the tumor is removed successfully, the patient regains his normal personality. Other brain dysfunctions producing a similar result include diffuse head injuries, caused by falls and automobile accidents, brain damage caused by rabies, encephalitis lethargica, and some kinds of epilepsy. Inhibition of the neural systems for aggression can be accomplished in several ways. There are neural systems that tend to block activity in their aggressive counterparts. Thus, it is possible to stimulate an enraged and threatening patient and make of him a rational, pleasant person. Although it may be a dubious therapy, aggressive behavior can be reduced by making lesions in parts of the aggressive neural system. Changes in the blood chemistry, including hormonal changes and a variety of pharmaceutical agents, may produce changes in the relevant neural thresholds. Aggressiveness can also be increased by hypoglycemia and in some individuals by specific allergies. |
