| Popis: |
The English consonants p, t, k, f, θ (thin), s, ∫ (she), b, d, g, v, ð (they), z, ȝ (beige), m and n were pronounced before the vowel a (father) by female talkers with General American pronunciation. Listeners heard the syllables in the presence of a masking noise and were forced to guess at every syllable. The signal‐to‐noise ratio, measured between the over‐all level of the noise in a band from 20 to 7000 cps and the level of the vowel as read on a VU meter, ranged from −18 to +12 db in steps of 6 db. Five talkers were used with four listeners for each talker. The most obvious aspect of these consonants in noise is the presence or absence of voicing; voiced and voiceless consonants were seldom confused until S/N was about −12 db or worse. The aspect of nasality also seems to disappear at about −12 db. The next most obvious aspect is the difference between stops and continuants; confusions on this aspect did not occur until S/N was about −6 db or worse. These three aspects define five classes of consonan... |
