Popis: |
The purpose of this paper is twofold: to report industrial experience with process energy system reliability, and to assess the reliability of multiunit nuclear and fossil-fired energy systems in an industrial setting. Reliability here refers to the percentage of clock time that sufficient amounts of steam energy were available to permit desired production quotas to be met at a particular plant. A nationwide survey was conducted to obtain data relative to energy system reliabilities during 1973--74, and these data for 29 plants from chemicals and allied products (S.I.C. 28), petroleum refining and related industries (S.I.C. 29) and primary metals industries (S.I.C. 33) are reported here. A simulation model in which various operating characteristics of the energy systems were taken into account was developed to obtain estimates of reliabilities of proposed multiunit nuclear and fossil-fired systems. Based on several example problems evaluated with the simulation model, study results indicated that multiple nuclear units or a combination of nuclear and fossil-fired units could provide adequate reliability to meet large-scale industrial requirements for continuity of service. |