Mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase (MSK1/2) regulated gene expression in normal and disease states
| Autor: | Hedieh Sattarifard, Akram Safaei, Enzhe Khazeeva, Mojgan Rastegar, James R. Davie |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2023 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Biochemistry and Cell Biology. |
| ISSN: | 1208-6002 0829-8211 |
| DOI: | 10.1139/bcb-2022-0371 |
| Popis: | The mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinases (MSK) are epigenetic modifiers that regulate gene expression in normal and disease cell states. MSK1 and 2 are involved in a chain of signal transduction events bringing signals from the external environment of a cell to specific sites in the genome. MSK1/2 phosphorylate histone H3 at multiple sites, resulting in chromatin remodeling at regulatory elements of target genes and the induction of gene expression. Several transcription factors (RELA of NF-κB and CREB) are also phosphorylated by MSK1/2 and contribute to induction of gene expression. In response to signal transduction pathways, MSK1/2 can stimulate genes involved in cell proliferation, inflammation, innate immunity, neuronal function, and neoplastic transformation. Abrogation of the MSK-involved signaling pathway is among the mechanisms by which pathogenic bacteria subdue the host’s innate immunity. Depending on the signal transduction pathways in play and the MSK-targeted genes, MSK may promote or hinder metastasis. Thus, depending on the type of cancer and genes involved, MSK overexpression may be a good or poor prognostic factor. In this review, we focus on mechanisms by which MSK1/2 regulate gene expression, and recent studies on their roles in normal and diseased cells. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|