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Aims: This study investigated the phytochemical composition of Jatropha tanjorensis leaf and the effect of its methanolic extract on serum lipid profile of albino rats. Study design: Experimental Animal Model. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Osun State University, Osogbo Nigeria, between January and February 2011. Methodology: Twenty four (24) albino rats divided into four groups and weighing between 130 and 150g were used for the study. Group 1 served as the control, Groups 2, 3 and 4 were administered varying concentrations of methanolic leaf extract of Jatropha tanjorensis daily for 14 days. Results: Phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed the presence of terpenoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids and tannins. Measurement of serum lipid profile in rats administered the extract indicate a significant decrease (p |