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Agricultural industries produce a significant amount of lignocellulosic materials and wastes that can be converted and developed into cost-effective energy and value-added bioproducts of commercial importance. Bioconversion turns organic matter into products using biological methods or agents. Straw biomass is an important agricultural residue that can be harnessed for the production of bioethanol, high-value biochemicals, special enzymes, organic products, proteins, and biomaterials. The tough lignin layer of the lignocellulosic components necessitates the pretreatment steps including the physico-mechanical, chemical, or biological methods to allow further processes such as saccharification, fermentation, and anaerobic digestion; and to enhance accessibility to the microbes and enzymes, for bioconversion into products of interest. However, there are major economic and technological challenges that have to be taken into consideration. This chapter highlights the straw biomass and its key composition for the bioconversion into valuable bioproducts. Different biological pretreatments using lignocellulolytic enzymes for the degradation of biomass are elaborated. The challenges for industrial-scale implementation to develop bio-based commercial production using straw biomass are also addressed. |
