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Publisher Summary This chapter presents the current concepts of the consequences and progression of the cellular response to injury. An injury can be defined as any physical or chemical stimulus that perturbs cellular homeostasis. Such a perturbation may be transient and rapidly adapted to by the cell with no subsequent effect on homeostatic ability or it may be a more prolonged effect to which the cell may adapt only by a series of structural and functional modifications or to which it succumbs, resulting in cell death. An injury can be considered as complete ischemia. Cell death may be defined as the irreversible loss of integrated cell activity resulting in an inability to maintain homeostatic mechanisms. It is, thus, to be clearly distinguished from cell necrosis. Necrosis refers to the subsequent degeneration of a dead cell into component molecules that gradually approach physicochemical equilibrium with the environment. In experiments utilizing two types of cell injury in a tissue-culture system, the possibility was tested that lysosome rupture may be a lethal cellular reaction to injury and thus, an important general cause of irreversibility of damage in injured tissue. |
