Effect of telmisartan on levels of IL ‐1, TNF ‐α, down‐regulated COX ‐2, MMP ‐2, MMP ‐9 and RANKL / RANK in an experimental periodontitis model

Autor: Karoline S. Aragão, Ligia Moreno de Moura, Tatiana Oliveira Souza, Caroline Addison Carvalho Xavier de Medeiros, Gerly Anne de Castro Brito, Lorena de Souza Araújo, Aurigena Antunes de Araújo, Raimundo Fernandes de Araújo, Maria Silvana Alves
Rok vydání: 2013
Předmět:
Zdroj: Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 40:1104-1111
ISSN: 1600-051X
0303-6979
Popis: Periodontal disease is a chronic infectious and inflammatory disease of the gums and supporting tissues. Gingival inflammation that accompanies this disease can lead to damage of the supporting connective tissues and loss of anchoring the teeth to the jawbone. Specific anaerobic bacteria within periodontal pockets are thought to be responsible for periodontal disease, and as the infection takes hold, a cascade of tissue-destructive pathways ensues, fuelled by inflammatory mediators (Williams et al. 2008). Bacteria are essential for the occurrence of periodontitis, but they alone are insufficient to cause the disease. For periodontitis to develop, a susceptible host is required. Most periodontal breakdown (bone and attachment loss) is caused by destructive enzymes in the host, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and inflammatory mediators (prostaglandins and interleukins) that are activated as part of the inflammatory response (Page 1999, Elavarasu et al. 2012). Several modulating agents have been investigated as potential therapy for periodontal disease, including antiproteinases, anti-inflammatory drugs and bone-sparing drugs (Elavarasu et al. 2012). Anti-inflammatory drugs have been used as modulators of the host immune response. These agents reduce the activation of prostaglandins and cytokines involved in the inflammatory process; however, these drugs have side effects, such as gastrointestinal symptoms, bleeding, renal and hepatic impairment and accelerated bone loss when stopped abruptly (Howell & Williams 1993, Salvi & Lang 2005, Bhatavadekar & Williams 2009). Improved knowledge and better elucidation of the host mechanisms that participate in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease have led to the proposal of novel agents aimed at modulating the host response by inhibiting inflammatory mediators. TELM, an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), has been implicated as an anti-inflammatory agent that suppresses the tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB in vascular endothelial cells (Nakano et al. 2009). These authors investigated the effects of TELM on insulin resistance in rats treated with a high-fat diet and found that the drug significantly reduced the serum levels of TNF-α and interleukin (IL)-1β. In general, ARBs are well tolerated. None of the drugs reviewed has been found to cause a specific, dose-dependent adverse effect. The most common adverse reactions that have occurred in at least 2% of patients include dizziness, fatigue, diarrhoea, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, arthralgia, pain, coughing and sinusitis (Kario 2005). The aim of present study was to determine the efficacy of TELM in treating periodontal disease.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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