| Popis: |
In the mid to late 1960s, the use of synthetic polymeric materials, then called civil engineering fabrics or filter fabrics, among several similar designations, began to have a recognized use in civil and geotechnical engineering projects. They were seen as an economic alternative to what had been considered the standard practice for solving geotechnical engineering problems. As their use became wider, it was recognized that to be able to specify these materials there was a need to have testing methods that would provide information to a designer about their material properties and performance. Almost simultaneously efforts were begun by three organizations that had an impact worldwide: (1) the American Society of Testing and Materials, now known as ASTM International; (2) the International Organization for Standardization (ISO); and (3) the Geosynthetics Research Institute (GRI), now an institute under the umbrella of the Geosynthetics Institute. The initial work in both ASTM and ISO was organized under their respective textile committees. GRI was the only one not tied to the textile community. |
