Efficacy of Ground-Applied Ultra Low Volume Malathion Plus Hydrolized Protein Against the Mexican Fruit FlyAnastrepha ludens(Díptera: Tephritidae)
| Autor: | Marco A. Reyes-Rosas, José Isabel López-Arroyo, Jesus Loera-Gallardo |
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| Rok vydání: | 2012 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Florida Entomologist. 95:771-773 |
| ISSN: | 1938-5102 0015-4040 |
| DOI: | 10.1653/024.095.0330 |
| Popis: | In Mexico on 10% of the agricultural land, 32 species of fruit crops are grown (Gutierrez-Sam perio et al. 1993), among which mango (Man gifera indica L.; Sapindales: Anacardiaceae) and orange (Citrus x sinensis (L.) Osbeck; Sapindales: Rutaceae) predominate (SIAP 2009). Production and marketing of these fruits, among others, is threatened by several species of Anastrepha of which A. ludens, the Mexican fruit fly, is the most important economically (Hernandez-Ortiz 1992; Enkerlin et al. 1989; Aluja, 1994; Aluja et al. 1996; Norrbom 2004; Gazit et al. 2004). For chemical control of this insect, malathion and Spinosad GF-120TM are the only insecticides ap proved (CICOPLAFEST 2004); and for ground application it is recommended that the mixture, 1L of Malathion 1000 EC + 4 L hydrolized protein + 95 L water, be applied to the foliage at a rate of 150 to 300 mL per tree, in alternate rows every 7 to 10 d (CESAVESIN, 2011). A study was conducted to determine the effec tiveness of ultralow volume ground application of malathion + hydrolyzed protein to citrus tree trunks to control A. ludens in 'Valencia' orange groves planted at 8 x 4 m at Hidalgo, Tamaulipas, Mexico (24° 9' 18" N, Io 5' 12" W). This experiment was conducted from 31 Oct 2010 to 16 Apr 2011. The details of the 6 treatments are shown in Table 1, Malathion 50, 515 g of a.i./L, (Agricul tura Nacional, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico), Malathion 1000, 1000 g of a.i./L (Velsimex S. A. de C. V. Mexico City), and the hydrolyzed protein, Winner 360® (IQcitrus, Mexico City) included as an attractant. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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