| Popis: |
Previous research on referee discrimination in penalty calling has been based on relative comparisons across race/ethnic groups, and does not discern whether the findings are based on players of a different or the same race/ethnicity. This paper tests for team-level discrimination amongst professional hockey referees, and finds that French-Canadian referees favor teams, in the form of fewer penalty calls, that have more French-Canadian players. The analysis is undertaken at penalty level to account for additional within-game referee biases and varying costs of player infractions across score margin game states. |
