ЭКСПЕДИЦИИ АКАДЕМИИ НАУК В ПЕРВОЙ ПОЛОВИНЕ XIX В.: НЕФОРМАЛЬНАЯ ФОРМАЛЬНОСТЬ
| Rok vydání: | 2022 |
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| Předmět: | |
| DOI: | 10.24412/2414-9241-2022-8-166-174 |
| Popis: | В статье рассматриваются экспедиции Академии наук в первой половине XIX в. как неформальная, то есть не регулируемая правилами и указами, система. Приводятся данные об организационных и финансовых аспектах экспедиций и их вариативности. Неформальность этой системы подтверждается тем фактом, что каждая экспедиция комплектовалась собственным, уникальным комплексом документов, отличными были и способы ассигнования средств, видов и форм их получения и распределения. В статье отмечается отсутствие закрепления на законодательном уровне экспедиционной практики. Статья была подготовлена на основе материалов Российского государственного исторического архива и Санкт-Петербургского филиала архива Академии наук с применением метода источниковедческой критики, а также обобщения и систематизации материалов, хранящихся в архивах и библиотеках. Informal system is a system outside of rules and official formalities and may act inside a formal system as its important part. The article discusses the Academy of Sciences’ expeditions in the first half of the nineteenth century, as an informal system of the Academy. From the establishment of the Academy, the expeditions were one of its main scientific activities. The expeditions have come a long way to get out of the shadow of informality. Each expedition project was a step towards creating a working model for organizing an expedition. In the nineteenth century expeditionary practice was lack of consolidation of at the legislative level. Neither the charter of the Academy of Sciences nor the state laws legislated the practice of expeditions. Thus, each expedition was completed with its own, unique set of documents, the ways of allocating funds, types and forms of their receipt and distribution were also different. The article provides the data of organizational and financial aspects of expeditions and their variability. The novelty of the claimed topic is the widespread application of sources from the Russian archives (Saint-Petersburg Branch of the Archive of the Russian Academy of sciences, Russian State Historical Archive), which were not previously available to the scholarly community. These materials will indeed make it possible to painstakingly cover the history of expeditions as an informal system in such a formal organization as the Academy of sciences. The methodological approaches for the proposed article involve contemporary basic principles of historical research (scientific objectivity, historicism, consistency, historical-genetic approach, etc.). |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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