Heterogeneity of humoral response patterns in mildly symptomatic, non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients: A one-year longitudinal study

Autor: Luis AF Andrade, Flávia F Bagno, Sarah AR Sérgio, Pierina L Parise, Daniel A Toledo-Teixeira, Ana PSM Fernandes, Santuza MR Teixeira, Fabiana Granja, José Luiz Proenca-Modena, Flavio G da Fonseca
Rok vydání: 2023
Předmět:
Zdroj: Experimental Biology and Medicine. :153537022311579
ISSN: 1535-3699
1535-3702
DOI: 10.1177/15353702231157941
Popis: The duration and protectiveness of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in infected subjects are still uncertain; nonetheless, anti-S-specific antibodies can contribute to protective immunity against new infections. It has been described that the level of antibodies produced in COVID-19 is related to the severity of symptoms, and the majority of the humoral response studies have been conducted in hospitalized patients who have been, then, followed over time. However, about 80% of SARS-CoV-2 infections in unvaccinated people are mild to asymptomatic, and this percentage reaches more than 95% in vaccinated individuals. Therefore, understanding the long-term dynamics of the antibody responses in this predominant part of the COVID-19-affected population is essential. In this study, we followed a cohort of individuals with mild COVID-19 who did not require hospitalization. We collected blood samples at sequential times after the SARS-CoV-2-positive qRT-PCR result. From 65 recruited patients, 50 had detectable antibodies at screening. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM levels peaked around two weeks post-COVID-19 diagnostics, becoming undetectable after 65 days. IgG levels reached a peak in approximately one month and remained detectable for more than one year. In contrast to the levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2, antibody neutralization potency indexes persisted over time. In this study, humoral responses in mild COVID-19 patients persisted for more than one year. This is an important long-term follow-up study that includes responses from COVID-19 patients before and after vaccination, a scenery that has become increasingly difficult to evaluate due to the growing vaccination of the world human population.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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