Characterization and Risk Assessment of Atmospheric PM2.5 and PM10 Particulate-Bound PAHs and NPAHs in Rwanda, Central-East Africa
| Autor: | Elias Bizuru, Egide Kalisa, Kevin Lee, Stephen D. J. Archer, Edward G. Nagato, Ning Tang, Kazuichi Hayakawa, Stephen B. Pointing, Donnabella C. Lacap-Bugler |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
Wet season
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences General Chemistry Rural location 010501 environmental sciences Particulates complex mixtures 01 natural sciences Diesel fuel Urban background Environmental chemistry East africa Environmental Chemistry Environmental science Wood burning Risk assessment 0105 earth and related environmental sciences |
| Zdroj: | Environmental Science & Technology. 52:12179-12187 |
| ISSN: | 1520-5851 0013-936X |
| Popis: | Exposure to airborne particulates is estimated as the largest cause of premature human mortality worldwide and is of particular concern in sub-Saharan Africa where emissions are high and data are lacking. Particulate matter (PM) contains several toxic organic species including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitrated PAHs (NPAHs). This study provides the first characterization and source identification for PM10- and PM2.5-bound PAHs and NPAHs in sub-Saharan Africa during a three-month period that spanned dry and wet seasons at three locations in Rwanda. The 24-h mean PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were significantly higher in the dry than the wet season. PAH and NPAH concentrations at the urban roadside site were significantly higher than the urban background and rural site. Source identification using diagnostic ratio analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) revealed diesel and gasoline-powered vehicles at the urban location and wood burning at the rural location as the major sources of... |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|