Computational fluid dynamics modeling of Bacillus anthracis spore deposition in rabbit and human respiratory airways
| Autor: | S.C. Taft, Richard A. Corley, Timothy M. Straub, Senthil Kabilan, Sarah Suffield, M. Moe, Stephanie A. Hines, Andrew P. Kuprat, K.P. Recknagle, J.H. Saunders, James P. Carson, Daniel R. Einstein, Justin G. Teeguarden, Sean M. Colby, Richard E. Jacob |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Atmospheric Science Environmental Engineering 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences 01 natural sciences Toxicology 03 medical and health sciences New Zealand white rabbit medicine Respiratory system Aerosolization 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes Lung Inhalation biology Chemistry Mechanical Engineering fungi respiratory system biology.organism_classification Pollution Spore Bacillus anthracis 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure Biophysics Particle deposition |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Aerosol Science. 99:64-77 |
| ISSN: | 0021-8502 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2016.01.011 |
| Popis: | Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics and Lagrangian particle deposition models were developed to compare the deposition of aerosolized Bacillus anthracis spores in the respiratory airways of a human with that of the rabbit, a species commonly used in the study of anthrax disease. The respiratory airway geometries for each species were derived respectively from computed tomography (CT) and µCT images. Both models encompassed airways that extended from the external nose to the lung with a total of 272 outlets in the human model and 2878 outlets in the rabbit model. All simulations of spore deposition were conducted under transient, inhalation–exhalation breathing conditions using average species-specific minute volumes. Two different exposure scenarios were modeled in the rabbit based upon experimental inhalation studies. For comparison, human simulations were conducted at the highest exposure concentration used during the rabbit experimental exposures. Results demonstrated that regional spore deposition patterns were sensitive to airway geometry and ventilation profiles. Due to the complex airway geometries in the rabbit nose, higher spore deposition efficiency was predicted in the nasal sinus compared to the human at the same air concentration of anthrax spores. In contrast, higher spore deposition was predicted in the lower conducting airways of the human compared to the rabbit lung due to differences in airway branching pattern. This information can be used to refine published and ongoing biokinetic models of inhalation anthrax spore exposures, which currently estimate deposited spore concentrations based solely upon exposure concentrations and inhaled doses that do not factor in species-specific anatomy and physiology for deposition. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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