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The article presents the analysis results on the study of physical-mechanical properties of soils in Uzbekistan and experimental studies on the influence of parameters and rational geometric shape of working tools on the quality of soil tillage while reducing energy costs. It has been established that soil moisture and hardness in the periods of basic and pre-sowing tillage differ significantly according to weather conditions, agrophonous background, and sowing and harvesting technology of agricultural crops. The peculiarities of different soils and the main directions of preserving and increasing their fertility are considered. The problems of optimization of physical properties and issues of the fertility state of irrigated soils are highlighted. Special attention is paid to the problems of improving soil's basic physical and mechanical properties. The use of effective technologies for improving and ameliorating irrigated lands, increasing fertility, and reducing and preventing soil salinization is proposed. For prevention of decrease and preservation of soil fertility, purposeful measures on improvement of physical properties of soils are recommended, the mechanism of which solution is the application of innovative technology of processing providing purposeful growth and development of root system, moderate moisture of soil, increased water permeability, moisture stocks, and reduction of salinization. To prevent intensive moisture evaporation after deep tillage, it is recommended to carry out agrophobic treatment by maximum leveling and creating a shallow crumbly surface layer. To substantiate the parameters of the deep loosener were based on the fact that the degree and magnitude of soil deformation depend on both the shape and parameters of interacting working bodies and on the physical and mechanical properties of the cultivated medium. |
