Ziziphus joazeiro, a Saponin-Rich Brazilian Medicinal Plant: Pharmacognostic Characterization of Bark and Leaves

Autor: Thamirys Silva da Fonseca, Gilda Guimarães Leitão, Lilian Hortale de Oliveira Moreira, Mariana Freire Campos, Carlos A. Marques, Eliana Schwartz Tavares, Alan Menezes do Nascimento, Rosineide Costa Simas, Simony C. Mendonça, Suzana G. Leitão
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
Zdroj: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia. 30:756-764
ISSN: 1981-528X
DOI: 10.1007/s43450-020-00109-2
Popis: Ziziphus joazeiro Mart., Rhamnaceae, is a plant native to northeast Brazil where it is known as “juazeiro.” Its bark, rich in saponins, is widely utilized in folk medicine and as a supply to produce cosmetics. Aiming at the preservation of the species and the search for an alternative vegetal raw material, the phytochemical profiles of bark and leaves were compared by chemical techniques. The foaming index and gravimetric studies indicated that, in general, bark values were approximately twice than those of the leaves. The same occurred with the hemolysis indexes. Extracts were dereplicated by liquid chromatography with diode array detection coupled to mass spectrometry analyses using an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source, which indicated that at least 5 saponins were common to all bark and leaf samples. The direct infusion high-resolution mass spectrometry analyses revealed at least 44 different saponins distributed between the bark and leaves of the analyzed plant, of which 40 were described for the first time. The data showed that there were similarities between the studied plant organs as demonstrated by mass spectrometry, foaming index, and hemolysis indexes. Therefore, with the application of a suitable standardization procedure the leaves could be a promising source for obtaining “juazeiro-type” saponins.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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