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Rhizosphere defined by Hiltner (Gesellschaft 98:59–78, 1904) is the volume of soil that is influenced by the roots of plants, and according to Lynch, this term can be defined as the three units interacting: the plant, the soil and the microorganisms. The composition of rhizosphere structure is highly orientated by the type of plant, quantity and composition of root exudates and different root zones. Mycorrhiza is a Greek word for fungus and root. Mycorrhizal fungi form ample network of hyphae in the soil and provide microorganisms (bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes) to the surrounding root up to a depth of 1 mm and facilitates symbiotic association that develops rhizospheric environment. The present chapter deals with rhizosphere understanding, soil-microbial-plant interaction, significance and benefits for plant growth. The plant enzymes and microbial enzymes identified provide rhizodeposition that increases fertility of the soil and promotes plant growth, biomass as well as root-microbial exudates which develops rhizospheric ecology for the ecological restoration. |
