| Popis: |
The article presents the characteristics of the social and charitable activities of religious organizations in Eastern Europe (Western Ukraine and Poland) during the first half of the 20th century. Based on the archival and scientific sources as well as a set of methods (general scientific methods (synthesis and analysis of historical, educational and cultural sources), historical and structural method, comparative method, retro-praxisymmetric method, problem-targeted method), the directions of the social and charitable activities of the religious organizations are revealed. These directions include taking measures to strengthen children�s health (the examinations of children�s health, carrying out vaccinations, implementation of special medical care for babies, expansion of the network of medical institutions for children: dispensaries, sanatoriums, vacation homes); satisfying the financial needs of children, which included: providing them with food, financial and material assistance (money, things, medicine, etc.); organization of social work with orphans and children deprived of parental care, which included registration of children, establishment and maintenance of social institutions, patronage, identification of the reasons for child neglect and prevention of these cases, etc. The types of social institutions have been determined. They are boarding-type institutions (orphanages, shelters), part-time institutions (kindergartens and zachoronky), special institutions (for disabled children), �American kitchens� for the homeless, consultations for mothers etc. The types of orphans in social institutions have been determined. They are natural orphans, half-orphans, social orphans and psychological orphans. The significant role of the religious organizations and the clergymen in solving social problems has been revealed. |
