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Severe respiratory insufficiency after operations using extra-corporeal circulation (ECC) has been termed the “post-perfusion lung syndrome” [14, 21]. Although the frequency and severity of this pulmonary dysfunction secondary to cardiopulmonary bypass has diminished, it may cause significant morbidity and is occasionally the primary factor in mortality [14, 15]. It is characterized by an increasing fluid accumulation in the pulmonary tissue due to an abnormal increase in pulmonary endothelial permeability [11, 13, 14, 15, 21]. Microscopically the pulmonary pathology at autopsy included atelectasis, varying degree of pulmonary edema, and both perivascular and alveolar hemorrhage — the same morphologic alterations as seen after shock and trauma [10]. |
