Development of a Low-Noise Front-End Readout Chip Integrated With a High-Resolution TDC for APD-Based Small-Animal PET
| Autor: | W. Gao, David Brasse, Ch. Hu-Guo, Yann Hu, B. Humbert, Xiaochao Fang |
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| Rok vydání: | 2011 |
| Předmět: |
Physics
Nuclear and High Energy Physics Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors Amplifier Detector Avalanche photodiode Chip Noise (electronics) Computer Science::Hardware Architecture Nuclear Energy and Engineering CMOS Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS Electronic engineering Electrical and Electronic Engineering Dark current Diode |
| Zdroj: | IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. 58:370-377 |
| ISSN: | 1558-1578 0018-9499 |
| Popis: | This paper presents the design of a low-noise multi-channel front-end readout chip integrated with a high-resolution TDC. It is foreseen to be used as front-end readout electronics of Avalanche Photo Diodes (APD) dedicated to a small animal Positron Emission Tomography (PET) system. The architecture of the chip is reported. Two prototype chips, a ten-channel front-end chip and a three-channel high-resolution TDC, have been designed in AMS 0.35 μm CMOS technology. A low-noise charge-sensitive amplifier (CSA) and a shaper are integrated in each channel of the front-end chip. The proposed CSA performs a compensation of the 40 nA dark current coming from the detector. An equivalent input noise charge of 275 e- + 10 e-/pF (rms) has been obtained from test. The TDC chip is based on coarse-fine two-level conversion scheme. In the coarse conversion, a 10-bit counter is employed to achieve a wide range. Meanwhile, the time interpolation using an array of delay-locked loops is proposed for fine conversion. The measured time range is 10 μs. The bin size has been achieved from 71 ps to 142 ps with a reference clock from 100 MHz to 50 MHz. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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