| Popis: |
According to Ukrstat, 42.4 million people lived in Ukraine in 2018, but the population is declining every year. Under the current dynamics, by 2050 the population will decrease to 28.0 million people. Under such conditions, in the perspective of 10-20 years in Ukraine there will be a catastrophic shortage of labor resources. However, today the economically active population is 18 million people with an economically inactive population – 18.5 million people. In confirmation of this, the average number of full-time employees in April 2020 decreased by 171 thousand people compared to April 2019. The largest decreases were recorded in industry (-77.9 thousand people), health care (-49.7 thousand people) and agriculture, forestry and fisheries (-40.0 thousand people). In the Global Competitiveness Rating according to the World Economic Forum, Ukraine in 2019 ranked 85th out of 141 economies in the world. However, the best results of the Forum were recorded in the categories “Qualification of the population” (44th place, 69.9 points out of 100) and “Infrastructure” (57th place, 70.3 points out of 100), which were significantly higher than the average values of countries with below average income. Particularly noteworthy are the results of the subcategory “Qualification of the future workforce” – 26th place, 72.6 points out of 100. According to the Human Development Index, Ukraine in 2019 ranked 88th with an average index of 0.750. Over the last ten years, the increase in this index has been minimal. At the same time, research by the Finnish Economic Research Institute (ETLA) suggests that innovation or new marketing strategies can be used to continuously increase national competitiveness. In Finland, the main method of increasing competitiveness is investment in the quality of human capital, investment in education, which provides an opportunity to train qualified personnel and develop quality production. Therefore, the task of preserving and developing human capital becomes the main condition for further development of the country. But in the conditions of full-scale aggression of the Russian Federation in Ukraine, partial destruction of its economy and mass displacement of the population this task becomes vital. |
