Influence of Limnological Conditions on Clostridium Botulinum Type E Presence in Eastern Lake Erie Sediments (Great Lakes, USA)
| Autor: | W. Theodore Lee, Alicia Pérez-Fuentetaja, Mark D. Clapsadl, Rodman G. Getchell, Paul R. Bowser, Donald Einhouse |
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| Rok vydání: | 2006 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Hydrobiologia. 563:189-200 |
| ISSN: | 1573-5117 0018-8158 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s10750-005-0011-1 |
| Popis: | Avian and fish botulism outbreaks have been recorded since 1999 in eastern Lake Erie. These outbreaks are caused by Clostridium botulinum type E, a toxin-producing bacteria that is found in anoxic substrates rich in organic material. We studied the environmental conditions present in eastern Lake Erie during 2002, a year when several botulism outbreaks were observed. We also tested for the presence of C. botulinum type E in lake sediments. Samples were taken at six stations from two sites of different depths in the Dunkirk (New York, USA) area. The depth of the sampling sites influenced physico-chemical and biological processes in the sediments. We used the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) to quantify the levels of C. botulinum type E in the samples. Sediment samples contained a patchy distribution of type E spore concentrations (from not detectable to 5520 DNA copies/mg). Samples of benthic invertebrates tested positive for C. botulinum type E spores in tissues (Gammarus 2028 DNA copies/mg, oligochaetes 428 DNA copies/mg, chironomids 148 DNA copies/mg and dreissenid mussels 715 DNA copies/mg). Principal components analysis (PCA) from inshore stations indicated that a decrease in dissolved oxygen, pH and redox potential near the sediment was associated to an increase in specific conductance and the type E toxin gene in sediments. We also found that C. botulinum type E spores are present in sediments at different depths and at different times through the ice-free season. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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