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Preoperative anemia is both a predictor of the need for a blood transfusion, as well as an independent risk factor for perioperative morbidity and mortality (Mantilla et al. Transfusion 51:82–91, 2011; Wu et al. JAMA 297:2481–2488, 2007; Carabini et al. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 26:205–215, 2014; Rosencher et al. Transfusion. 43:459–469, 2003). A blood transfusion performed perioperatively is also an independent risk factor for severe morbid events and mortality (Beattie et al. Anesthesiology 110:574–581, 2009; Hebert et al. N Engl J Med 340:409–417, 1999). When used in conjunction with minimizing surgical blood loss and perioperative management strategies to improve patient tolerance for anemia, preoperative correction of anemia can help to avoid blood transfusion, improve length of stay, and reduce overall health costs. Much like all oncological processes are not identical, so too are the various kinds of anemia different, each with its own unique characteristics and optimal course of treatment. |
