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Epigenetic modifications change the activity or expression of genes without altering the underlying DNA sequence. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), in particular long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs, have been found to be key regulators of a number of epigenetic processes. Affecting genomic loci's both close to and distant from their site of transcription, ncRNAs can induce histone modification, DNA methylation, and chromatin remodeling. The following chapter discusses these mechanisms and presents a number of key examples of ncRNAs and their mechanisms of action. The chapter also highlights the potential for further layers of regulation via crosstalk between these ncRNA species. |
