| Popis: |
Background: Biomarkers are indicators associated with a disease, used for diagnosis, monitoring progression and prognosis. In Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), they are very important. Although the literature describes various types of biomarkers for it, there is no consensus of their appropriate use. Objective: Describe the use of biomarkers associated with DMD. Methods: This literature review used articles searched in PubMed using the formula: (“Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy”) AND (“Biomarkers”). Those that corroborate with the objective of this review were included. Model’s studies and studies that evaluated biomarkers in other diseases were excluded. Results: Cohort and case-control studies propose a staging score that evaluate the infiltration of fat into the muscles and the edema in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences. Other studies indicate that the relation between volume and cross-sectional can be a prognostic biomarker. Some clinical trials already use these MRI markers to evaluate the effectiveness of their therapies. Creatine Kinase, a serum marker, has been shown in clinical trials to be a good biomarker in diagnosis’ moment. However, due to its low specificity, it is not used in prognosis. In model studies, miRNAs have been shown to be useful in various spheres, and can be used as biomarkers in muscular dystrophies, helping with diagnosis, staging and treatment. Conclusions: The use of biomarkers in DMD is not well defined, for financial reasons and lack of more concrete evidence. Therefore, further studies are needed. |
