Pathogen-induced defoliation of Pinus sylvestris leads to tree decline and death from secondary biotic factors
| Autor: | Jan Stenlid, Mattias Jonsson, Jonàs Oliva, Elna Stenström, L. Grönkvist-Wichmann, K. Wahlstrom, Igor Drobyshev |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
Bark beetle Biotic component biology Ecology Scots pine Outbreak Forestry Management Monitoring Policy and Law biology.organism_classification 010603 evolutionary biology 01 natural sciences Tomicus piniperda Gremmeniella Tree health Pathogen 010606 plant biology & botany Nature and Landscape Conservation |
| Zdroj: | Forest Ecology and Management. 379:273-280 |
| ISSN: | 0378-1127 |
| Popis: | The contribution of non-lethal pathogenic attacks to tree death is still unclear. Manion’s theory of the spiral of decline predicts that tree decline and death occurs because of a sequence of predisposing, inciting and contributing events. To understand whether pathogens can act as predisposing or inciting factors, we tested whether a sequence of non-lethal pathogen attacks causing crown defoliation could lead to a chronic decline in tree health and predispose trees to die. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) trees predisposed or escaping (non-predisposed) a first outbreak by the pathogen Gremmeniella abietina (predisposing event) were compared in terms of survival and susceptibility to secondary pests (contributing event) after a second G. abietina outbreak (inciting event). Four years after the inciting event, mortality among predisposed trees was up to five times higher than among trees escaping the first epidemic. Predisposed trees were twice as susceptible to secondary attacks by the common pine shoot beetle (Tomicus piniperda). Ten years after the inciting event, severely predisposed trees had not been able to restore their crowns and still showed stagnated growth. This study showed that pathogen-induced defoliation can act as predisposing and inciting factors for tree death, reducing the capacity of trees to survive short- or long-term stressing events, such as bark beetle attacks. We also showed that tree decline can result from a combination of predisposing and inciting events caused by pathogens. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|
Full Text from ScienceDirect