Runoff from glacier ice and seasonal snow in High Asia: separating melt water sources in river flow
Autor: | Adina Racoviteanu, Karl Rittger, Alana M. Wilson, Betsy Armstrong, Rijan Bhakta Kayastha, Alice F. Hill, Florence Fetterer, Alia L. Khan, Andrew P. Barrett, Siri Jodha Singh Khalsa, Bruce Raup, Richard L. Armstrong, Mary J. Brodzik |
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Rok vydání: | 2018 |
Předmět: |
Global and Planetary Change
geography geography.geographical_feature_category 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences business.industry Climate change Glacier 010501 environmental sciences Snow 01 natural sciences Streamflow Dry season Spatial ecology Environmental science Physical geography business Surface runoff Hydropower 0105 earth and related environmental sciences |
Zdroj: | Regional Environmental Change. 19:1249-1261 |
ISSN: | 1436-378X 1436-3798 |
Popis: | Across High Asia, the amount, timing, and spatial patterns of snow and ice melt play key roles in providing water for downstream irrigation, hydropower generation, and general consumption. The goal of this paper is to distinguish the specific contribution of seasonal snow versus glacier ice melt in the major basins of High Mountain Asia: Ganges, Brahmaputra, Indus, Amu Darya, and Syr Darya. Our methodology involves the application of MODIS-derived remote sensing products to separately calculate daily melt outputs from snow and glacier ice. Using an automated partitioning method, we generate daily maps of (1) snow over glacier ice, (2) exposed glacier ice, and (3) snow over land. These are inputs to a temperature index model that yields melt water volumes contributing to river flow. Results for the five major High Mountain Asia basins show that the western regions are heavily reliant on snow and ice melt sources for summer dry season flow when demand is at a peak, whereas monsoon rainfall dominates runoff during the summer period in the east. While uncertainty remains in the temperature index model applied here, our approach to partitioning melt from seasonal snow and glacier ice is both innovative and systematic and more constrained than previous efforts with similar goals. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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