Morphology of atmospheric refraction index variations at different altitudes from GPS/MET satellite observations
| Autor: | N.V. Karpova, A.N. Gavrilov, Nikolai M. Gavrilov, Ch. Jacobi |
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| Rok vydání: | 2004 |
| Předmět: |
Atmospheric Science
Meteorology Mesoscale meteorology Jet stream Atmospheric sciences Troposphere Geophysics Altitude Space and Planetary Science Physics::Space Physics Atmospheric refraction Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Gravity wave Stratosphere Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics Geology Radio wave |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics. 66:427-435 |
| ISSN: | 1364-6826 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.jastp.2004.01.031 |
| Popis: | The measurements from the low-orbit satellite GPS/MET in the atmosphere at 2– 35 km altitudes are used to obtain global distributions of mesoscale variances of the radio wave refraction index (as a measure of dry temperature). Individual refraction index and dry temperature profiles are smoothed using second order polynomial approximations within layers of 5– 10 km thickness centered at different altitudes. The refraction index deviations from the smoothed values and their variances are obtained for each profile and are averaged for each month of the year during the GPS/MET experiment during the years 1995–1997. Latitude–longitude and latitude–height distributions of the refraction index variances show inhomogeneous structures. Locations and latitude distributions of the maximum and minimum values of the variance depend on altitude and month of year. The reasons for the small- and mesoscale refraction index perturbations in the troposphere–stratosphere may be mesoscale turbulence and internal gravity waves. The magnitudes of the refraction index variances are larger in the regions of tropospheric jet streams and of equatorial deep convection. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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