Pour point depression and flow improvement of waxy crude oil using polyethylene glycol esters of cashew nut shell liquid
| Autor: | Onyewuchi Akaranta, Joseph Atubokiki Ajienka, Sampson Kofi Kyei, William Iheanyi Eke, Ozioma Achugasim |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
chemistry.chemical_classification
Wax Materials science Pour point Flow assurance Feret diameter 02 engineering and technology Polyethylene glycol Polymer 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology law.invention Shear rate chemistry.chemical_compound 020401 chemical engineering chemistry Chemical engineering law visual_art visual_art.visual_art_medium General Earth and Planetary Sciences 0204 chemical engineering Crystallization 0210 nano-technology General Environmental Science |
| Zdroj: | Applied Petrochemical Research. 11:199-208 |
| ISSN: | 2190-5533 2190-5525 |
| Popis: | Wax crystallization and deposition is a major flow assurance problem in production and transportation of waxy crude oil. Conventional flow improvers are mainly high molecular weight synthetic polymers, many of which are eco-toxic. Bio-based flow improvers derived from natural products are promising as inexpensive, eco-friendly alternatives to existing products. In this study, natural cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) extracted from waste shells ofAnacardium occidentalewas esterified with polyethylene glycol (PEG). CNSL derivative reduced the pour point of waxy crude oil by 12 °C at 1000 ppm. The effects of CNSL derivatives on wax crystal morphology and micro-structure were studied by cross-polarized microscopy. Micrographs were processed and analyzed with ImageJ software. Addition of CNSL derivatives to oil resulted in changes in wax crystal morphology and micro-structure evidenced by a reduction in average crystal Feret diameter and aspect ratio and increase in boundary fractal dimension, indicative of formation of increasing number of smaller, rounder crystals. Effect of the additives on flow properties of the waxy oil was determined using a co-axial cylinder rotational viscometer. Dynamic viscosity of oil at shear rate of 17 s−1was reduced by 79.7–90.5%. CNSL-PEG esters show good prospects as low-cost additives for production, storage and pipeline transportation of waxy crude oil. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|
Full text from SpringerLink