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Underwater wireless sensors network (UWSN) has become a promising communication technology building block for a cost-effective massive oceanographic surveillance and monitoring systems. Routing protocols in traditional wireless sensor networks (WSN) are not suitable in the underwater environment due to its 3D deployment, high propagation delay, severe multi-path fading, high attenuation, low achievable data rate, reduced energy availability, and limited bandwidth. This research reports the results for performance evaluation of several routing protocols using the Aqua-Sim Next Generation simulator. The analyzed protocols are compared based on end-to-end delay, energy consumption, and throughput. 3D network architecture was conceived for a region with $1000\times 1000\times 500\ \mathrm{m}$ dimensions, where a total of 100 nodes are deployed (one SINK node and 99 sensor nodes). Two previously reported values for the marine current were analyzed (0.1 m/s for the dry season and 1.2 m/s for the rainy season). Dense and sparse network topologies are considered. The results obtained employing a statistical analysis indicate that the Vector-based Forwarding (VBF) protocol was the most efficient energy consumption for both marine current values. In contrast, the Hop-by-Hop VBF (HH-VBF) protocol presented the best end-to-end delay average in these topologies. On the other hand, the Vector-based Void Avoidance (VBVA) protocol showed the best performance. |
