| Autor: |
William R. Marmie, Alice F. Healy, Lyle E. Bourne, Cheri L. King, Robert J. Crutcher, Deborah M. Clawson, K. Anders Ericsson, Timothy C. Rickard, Danielle S. McNamara, Vivian I. Schneider |
| Rok vydání: |
1993 |
| Předmět: |
|
| DOI: |
10.1016/s0079-7421(08)60296-0 |
| Popis: |
We received three classes of guidelines we found to optimize long-term retention. The first class concerned ways to optimize the conditions of training. We discussed three general guidelines in this class. The first concerned the contextual interference found, for example, with random sequences of tasks as opposed to fixed or predictable sequences. The second concerned training parts of a task versus the whole task. The third concerned the distinction between generating and reading. The second class of guidelines concerned ways to optimize the strategies used. We found that in tasks that require deliberate retrieval from memory, training that promotes efficient encoding strategies maximizes long-term retention. The third class of guidelines concerned ways to attain direct access, or automatic retrieval, from memory. We found in several domains that achieving automaticity requires extensive practice. Further, even when retrieval appears automatic after extensive practice, mediators may still continue to exert their influence. |
| Databáze: |
OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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