Trajectories leading to autism spectrum disorders are affected by paternal age: findings from two nationally representative twin studies

Autor:	Henrik Anckarsäter, Paul Lichtenstein, Sebastian Lundström, Christina M. Hultman, Christopher Gillberg, Angelica Ronald, Eva Carlström, Jonathan Mill, Claire M. A. Haworth, Robert Plomin, Maria Råstam, Abraham Reichenberg
Rok vydání:	2010
Předmět:	Causes of autism education.field_of_study Offspring Population medicine.disease Twin study Developmental psychology Developmental disorder Psychiatry and Mental health mental disorders Pediatrics Perinatology and Child Health Developmental and Educational Psychology medicine Pervasive developmental disorder Autism Psychology education Behavioural genetics
Zdroj:	Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 51:850-856
ISSN:	1469-7610 0021-9630
DOI:	10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02223.x
Popis:	Background: Despite extensive efforts, the causes of autism remain unknown. Advancing paternal age has been associated with various neurodevelopmental disorders. We aim to investigate three unresolved questions: (a) What is the association between paternal age and autism spectrum disorders (ASD)?; (b) Does paternal age moderate the genetic and environmental etiological factors for ASD? (c) Does paternal age affect normal variation in autistic-like traits? Methods: Two nationally representative twin studies from Sweden (n = 11, 122, assessed at age 9 or 12) and the UK (n = 13, 524, assessed at age 9) were used. Categorical and continuous measures of ASD, autistic-like traits and autistic similarity were calculated and compared over paternal age categories. Results: Both cohorts showed a strong association between paternal age and the risk for ASD. A U-shaped risk association could be discerned since the offspring of both the youngest and oldest fathers showed an elevation in the risk for ASD. Autistic similarity increased with advancing paternal age in both monozygotic and dizygotic twins. Both cohorts showed significantly higher autistic-like traits in the offspring of the youngest and oldest fathers. Conclusions: Phenomena associated with paternal age are clearly involved in the trajectories leading to autistic-like traits and ASD. Mechanisms influencing the trajectories might differ between older and younger fathers. Molecular genetic studies are now needed in order to further understand the association between paternal age and ASD, as well as normal variation in social, language, and repetitive behaviors in the general population.
Databáze:	OpenAIRE
Externí odkaz:	https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::2a19b644d31bbc86f500a8ea0ac76037 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02223.x Zobrazit plný text záznamu Plný text ve formátu PDF Plný text ve formátu HTML
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