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Laccase (E.C. 1.10.3.2) are enzyme belonging to the group of blue multi-copper oxidases. Laccases catalyze the oxidation of variety of phenolic compounds, diamines and aromatic amines. Fungal isolate producing laccase was screened on Potato Dextrose Agar medium enriched with 0.02% guaiacol from soil as well as decaying wood samples collected from farm/forest site. Confirmation of laccase production was done by Bavendam test which is a plate assay technique using 3mM guaiacol. The isolate was identified and found to belong genera Aspergillus and was tested for producing laccase enzyme. An attempt was made to isolate, screening and production of laccase enzyme produced from Aspergillus niger. Isolate giving best result was processed further for production of laccase using Submerged fermentation. Guaiacol and sodium citrate buffer were used to assay laccase production. Characterization of fungal isolate was done by morphological analysis. This study showed that enzyme production can be increased by media manipulation in the fungal cultures. Optimization of the media condition can maximize the desired enzyme production. Application or Dye decolorization assay was been performed using 0.1ml crystal violet solution, where dye decolorization efficiency showed the ability of laccase to decolorize dyes. It is present in Ascomycetes, Deuteromycetes and Basidiomycetes and abundant in lignin degrading white / brown rot fungi. In the recent years, these enzymes have gained application in the field of textile, pulp and paper and food industries. Recently, it is also used in the design of biosensors, biofuel cells as a medical diagnostics tool and bioremediation agent to clean up herbicides, pesticides and certain explosive in soil. Laccases have received attention of researchers in the last few decades due to their ability to oxidize both phenolic and non phenolic lignin related compound as well as highly recalcitrant environmental pollutants. |
