Mechanical degradation of polyacrylamide at ultra high deformation rates during hydraulic fracturing
| Autor: | Zuleima T. Karpyn, Manish Kumar, Taylor Pawlik, Laxmicharan Samineni, Boya Xiong, Andrew L. Zydney, Prakash Purswani |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
chemistry.chemical_classification Environmental Engineering Materials science Capillary action Polyacrylamide Size-exclusion chromatography Polymer 010501 environmental sciences 01 natural sciences 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound 030104 developmental biology chemistry Breakage Chemical engineering Degradation (geology) Deformation (engineering) Chemical decomposition 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Water Science and Technology |
| Zdroj: | Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology. 6:166-172 |
| ISSN: | 2053-1419 2053-1400 |
| DOI: | 10.1039/c9ew00530g |
| Popis: | Degradation of drag reducer polyacrylamide under high volume hydraulic fracturing (HVHF) conditions alters its polymer size, distribution and chemical composition, potentially affecting the toxicity and treatability of the resulting wastewater. This study focused on a non-chemical pathway-mechanical degradation of polyacrylamide under ultra-high fluid strain conditions (∼107 s−1) that uniquely exist during HVHF but has not yet been explored experimentally. PAM solutions were subjected to an abrupt contraction into a narrow capillary driven by a high-pressure precision pump (∼10 000 psi). The change in polyacrylamide size distribution was evaluated by size exclusion chromatography. The peak polymer molecular weight (MW) after a single-pass through the capillary decreased from 107 to 7 × 105 Da at deformation rate = 4 × 106 s−1. The extent of degradation increased with , approximately following an empirical scaling relationship of for the polyacrylamide with an initial MW ≈ 107 Da. Degraded PAM with lower MW ( |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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