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Chronic wounds arise due to arrested or persistently delayed physiological repair processes (consisting of homeostasis, inflammation, tissue proliferation and re-modelling) as a consequence of microbial infection, impaired vascular support, and/or prolonged dysregulated immune response. Effective wound treatment strategies include prevention of infections, accelerating wound healing and prevention of scarring. Recent non-conventional and adjunct therapies for wound treatments include the application of Live Bio-therapeutic products (LBP) as direct administration on wound sites or taken as oral treatments. LBP are the non-vaccine usage of live microorganisms applied for the prevention/treatment/cure of disease. These include Traditional Probiotics (TP) that are usually live bacteria isolated from gut or fermented foods as well as the Next Generation Probiotics (NGP) which include live microorganisms identified by comparative microbiome analyses of healthy and unhealthy hosts. Genetically engineered LBP further enhance probiotic functions by inserting or deleting specific genes of interest that would confer health benefits for specific disease conditions. Probiotics and their products enhance wound healing by the production of immune stimulatory compounds and promoting host cell proliferation which accelerates the wound healing process. In a more direct approach, probiotics may help in reducing growth of antibiotic-resistant biofilm-forming pathogens by the production of antimicrobial compounds. In this chapter are discussed recent developments in the use of TP, NGP and engineered LBP therapies for effective chronic wound healing and care. |
