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It is a large deciduous twining shrub, found in South Asia and Australia. In Ayurveda, seeds are classified as Medhya Rasayana (nervine tonic) and credited with stimulating intellectual powers and sharpening memory, thence called Jyotishmati. Its therapeutic uses include vatavyadhi, smrtidaurbalya, and śvitra. The seed oil was used by courts and colleges of India and by a great many pundits to increase intelligence of their pupils. Seed oil has also been used in Ayurveda for treatment of intestinal disorders. Muslim practitioners of Unani medicine describe them as aphrodisiac and stimulating. Seed decoction, with or without aromatics, is used in the treatment of rheumatism, gout, paralysis and leprosy; the seed oil is rubefacient and applied to relieve rheumatic pains. Methanol leaf extract tested positive for steroid, terpenoid, carbohydrate, alkaloid, saponin, and phenolic compounds, and several sesquiterpenes have been isolated from seeds. Aqueous seed extract is neuroprotective against oxidative stress due to free radical damage, and protects neuronal cells against glutamate-toxicity, exhibits cognition-enhancing and antioxidant properties, and cholinergic activity, which might be involved in improving memory performance. There are no clinical studies reported in mainstream literature. |
