Response surface optimization of biodiesel synthesis over a novel biochar-based heterogeneous catalyst from cultivated (Musa sapientum) banana peels
| Autor: | Apanee Luengnaruemitchai, Nonlapan Khantikulanon, Jakkrapong Jitjamnong, Narinphop Chuaykarn, Naparat Kasetsomboon, Arrisa Sopajarn, Chachchaya Thunyaratchatanon, Napaphat Kongrit |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Potassium hydroxide
Biodiesel Central composite design Renewable Energy Sustainability and the Environment 020209 energy 02 engineering and technology 010501 environmental sciences 01 natural sciences Catalysis Potassium carbonate chemistry.chemical_compound chemistry Biodiesel production 0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineering Response surface methodology Methanol 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Nuclear chemistry |
| Zdroj: | Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. 11:2795-2811 |
| ISSN: | 2190-6823 2190-6815 |
| Popis: | In this work, response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized to optimize the biodiesel yield of the transesterification reaction. A novel solid carbon-supported potassium hydroxide catalyst derived from the pyrolysis of cultivated banana (Musa sapientum) peels and potassium carbonate (K2CO3) was used as the catalyst for biodiesel production. A five-level (− 2, − 1, 0, + 1, and + 2) RSM with a four-factor central composite design of independent variable factors (methanol to palm oil molar ratio (6:1–18:1), catalyst loading (3–7 wt.%), reaction time (30–150 min), and reaction temperature (50–70 °C)) were randomly setup using the Design of Experiment program. The 30 wt.% K2CO3 catalyst calcined at 600 °C under atmosphere pressure exhibited the highest catalytic activity, since the pyrolysis ash was rich in K that formed a basic heterogeneous catalyst. Within the range of selected operating conditions, the optimized methanol:oil molar ratio, catalyst loading, reaction time, and reaction temperature were found to be 15:1, 4 wt.%, 120 min, and 65 °C, respectively, to give a biodiesel yield of 99.16%. The actual biodiesel yield of 98.91% was obtained under the predicted optimal conditions. The high R2 (96.76%) and R2adj (92.97%) values indicated that the fitted model showed a good agreement with the predicted and actual biodiesel yield. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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