Cerebrovascular response to the cold pressor test - the critical role of carbon dioxide
Autor: | Kevin W. Wildfong, Thijs P. Kerstens, Philip N. Ainslie, Michael M. Tymko |
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Rok vydání: | 2017 |
Předmět: |
Cardiac output
business.industry Cold pressor test General Medicine 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology Transcranial Doppler 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Blood pressure Cerebral blood flow Anesthesia medicine.artery Middle cerebral artery Hyperventilation Heart rate cardiovascular system Medicine cardiovascular diseases medicine.symptom business 030217 neurology & neurosurgery circulatory and respiratory physiology |
Zdroj: | Experimental Physiology. 102:1647-1660 |
ISSN: | 0958-0670 |
DOI: | 10.1113/ep086585 |
Popis: | In addition to increasing sympathetic nervous activity, blood pressure, and cerebral blood flow (CBF), the cold pressor test (CPT) stimulates pain receptors, which may increase ventilation above metabolic demand; this response likely reduces the partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO2), and will attenuate elevations in CBF. We hypothesized: (1) CPT would elicit hyperventilation, effectively lowering PETCO2; (2) the CBF response will be elevated during an isocapnic (controlled PETCO2), compared to a poikilocapnic CPT (uncontrolled PETCO2); (3) In response to CPT, the common carotid artery (CCA) will vasodilatate, while the internal carotid artery (ICA) will remain unchanged to help regulate CBF. Using a novel, randomized experimental design, we measured the cerebrovascular response in the middle cerebral artery (MCA), CCA, and ICA, during an isocapnic and poikilocapnic CPT in 15 participants. Blood pressure and cardiac output (finger photoplethysmography), heart rate (electrocardiogram), MCA mean velocity (transcranial Doppler ultrasound), and CCA and ICA CBF (Duplex ultrasound) were recorded during both CPT trials. Our findings were: (1) ventilation increased, which reduced PETCO2 (−5.3 ± 6.4 mmHg) during the poikilocapnic, compared to the isocapnic CPT; (2) the CBF response was elevated during the isocapnic compared to the poikilocapnic CPT in the MCA and ICA, but not in the CCA; (3) The CCA dilated to a greater extent during the isocapnic, compared to poikilocapnic CPT, and the ICA vasocontricted during both trials. Our data emphasizes the importance of PETCO2 control in the CBF response to CPT and in the differential vasomotor regulation between the CCA and ICA. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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