| Popis: |
Highway, railway, waterway and pipeline are ways to transport oil. The pipeline has irreplaceable superiority, such as high throughput, low energy consumption and low cost. So the pipeline is the artery of energy source of national economy and very important to the development of social economy. When the pipeline is constructed, crossing some rivers is inevitable. If the crossing method and engineering management were unreasonable, the environment will be damaged, especially the pipeline may be destroyed seriously by the third party damage. Recently, the techniques of design, construction and management of pipeline river-crossing have made a great progress in the world. But pipeline river-crossing is still a technical problem, it needs hydrological research and analysis, geological prospecting and scheme selection. Qing-Tie crude oil pipeline located in the Northeast of China and has been operated for 35 years. It crosses 121 rivers. In these rivers, most sections of the pipeline are attacked by water directly because of the covering soil was washed away. Some sections are baring and hanging tens of meters. It is hidden trouble of security of operation. Especially the pipeline crosses Chai River in Liaoning province, it is laid by culvert of stone, once had an accident and it can't be remedied. So remaking the crossing project scheme is essential. This paper has introduced the basic situation of Qing-Tie pipeline and Chai River. The stratum description, weather and hydrogeology, earthquake situation and the stability of bank are analyzed and evaluated. Heavy excavation, directional drilling, shield pushing and drilling blasting are compared by merits and drawbacks, construction period and engineering cost. Finally, the directional drilling is considered to be the best. The crossing horizon, embedded point, out point and laying parameters are worked out. The establishment and implementation of the project scheme is reference for the technique of pipeline river-crossing. |
